Email 
Forgot
your
password?

Password 
Program Overview
Testimonials
Contact Us
Submit Usage Reports

 
Benefits
Sources
Deficiencies
People At Risk
Sodium – Regulating The Body's Barometric Pressure
Sodium, So what…It's just salt, right?

For Sodium's sake, it's time to set the record straight and see "what's shaking" on the Sodium front. Salt (Sodium chloride) is the most common source of added Sodium in food, but baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate), MSG (monoSodium glutamate) and many other seasonings and preservatives also contain Sodium.
  Benefits: Gauging Body Functions

Sodium is a mineral. It acts like a barometer, maintaining the body's pressure system and supporting other key body functions:

  • Regulates blood pressure
  • Gauges proper fluid balance in the body
  • Promotes proper muscle contraction and nerve transmission
  • Stimulates muscle contractions as a vital component of nerves
  • Keeps calcium and other minerals soluble in blood and stimulates the adrenal gland

Sodium functions with chloride and bicarbonate to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions (electrically charged particles) in our body fluids and tissues. The body receives Sodium primarily in the form of table salt (Sodium chloride). Sodium has the property of holding water in body tissues.

So, Sodium is not just a flavoring…it is a major force in keeping our body healthy and in balance.


Sources: The Sodium Climate
Sodium is found in many forms and types of food including table salt, soy sauce and many processed foods as well as small amounts in milk, meats, breads and vegetables.
Sodium occurs naturally in celery, milk, beets and drinking water, and is added to many other foods -- as a preservative in processed meats like ham and sausage -- and as a flavor enhancement in most canned foods. Fast food also generally contains a lot of Sodium.

The Sodium Forecast

The National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences recommends an approximate daily range of 1,100 to 3,300 milligrams of Sodium for adults. Note: a teaspoon of table salt equals 2,325 mg Sodium.

The American Heart Association recommends that for every 1,000 calories of food consumed, the Sodium intake should be 1,000 milligrams and should not exceed the 3,000 milligram limit.

The average intake in the United States is between 4,000 and 5,000 milligrams of Sodium per day.
Live a healthier, more balanced life by practicing these Sodium Safeguards…quick, easy tips for reducing Sodium intake:

  • Substitute herbs and spices for salt
  • Offer salted snacks (e.g. pretzels, crackers, nuts) in smaller portions
  • Serve smaller amounts of condiments (e.g. mustard, catsup, relish, salad dressing)
Deficiencies: Feeling the Pressure of Sodium Deficiency

Sodium deficiencies = Serious consequences.

Sodium is readily absorbed in the small intestine and is normally stored in muscle and cartilage tissue. The hormone aldosterone controls the balance of Sodium, water and other fluids in the body which regulate blood pressure and promote muscle contraction.
Sodium deficiency is a condition in which the body fails to receive an adequate supply of Sodium. The most frequently observed Sodium deficiency occurs when excessive heat causes heavy perspiration, thus reducing body water and Sodium to the extent that gross dehydration affects normal activity.

Too little Sodium in the diet also disturbs the tissue-water and acid-base balance that is important to good nutritional status.

Symptoms of Sodium deficiency may include feelings of weakness, apathy and nausea as well as cramps in the muscles of the extremities. Taking additional salt in tablet form is a preventive measure and persons may use increased amounts of table salt on their food to replace Sodium lost during dehydration and sweating.

Signs Of Sodium Deficiencies:

  • Coma
  • Vomiting
  • Confusion
  • Muscle weakness
  • Seizure
  • Swollen ankles/legs
  • Appetite loss

And now, there is continuing evidence to support that excess dietary salt is a major force contributing to high blood pressure in some individuals, although other factors may also be responsible. Americans eat more salt and other forms of Sodium than they need. Often, when people with high blood pressure cut back on salt, their blood pressure falls. Cutting back on salt also prevents blood pressure from rising. Some people are more affected by Sodium than others. Since there's really no practical way to predict exactly who will be affected by Sodium, it makes sense for everyone to limit intake of salt to help prevent high blood pressure.

People at Risk:
Sodium Sensitivity Can Be Serious
In healthy people, excess Sodium is eliminated through the kidneys. However, in individuals who are sensitive to salt, high Sodium intake has been linked to high blood pressure.

Sources:

USDA - Nutrient Data Lab (Sept. 1996)
USDA School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children
US Dept of health and Human Services, Guidelines for School health programs to Promote Lifelong Healthy Eating, June 1996
CNN.com, Food Resource Planner
2004 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
AHA Science Advisory: Stanol/Sterol Ester-Containing Foods and Blood Cholesterol Levels, #71-0201 Circulation. 2001;103:1177
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, School Lunch Report, August 2004
WebMD Health
National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements
AHA Conference Proceedings: Summary of the Scientific Conference on Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health, #71-0200 Circulation. 2001;103:1034-1039
Journal of Epidemiology (May, 1992)
The Vitamin and Nutrition Center, 2004